Category Archives: Biofuel

Biofuel, Geothermal, Peak Oil

What About ‘A Long Time’ Do We Not Understand?

Just because O‘ahu does not have a base power solution to
electricity, and needs to grow biofuel to generate electricity, that does not mean the Big Island – which has a vast geothermal resource – needs to grow expensive biofuels just to copy O‘ahu.

We need to treat each island as a bundle of resources, and solve each island’s problems according to the resources it has. We cannot afford a one-size-fits-all plan.

Farmers make these kinds of decisions all the time. You work
with the ground under your feet, not the ground that exists the next valley over.

The Age of Oil is now 150 years old and we are already talking about decline. But the “hot spot” under the Big Island will last 500,000 to 1 million years.

What is it about “a long time” that we don’t understand?

This video is by Jeff Rubin, former chief economist at CIBC World Markets, the investment banking arm of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce.

In it, he gives a clear description of today’s oil situation and discusses why oil prices will be rising – and sooner than people think.

It’s because we simply are not finding as many new oil fields as we are using.  More and more, the evidence is growing and we need to come to grips with reality.

It does not have to be disastrous. But we do have to be smart and think like survivors.

Where do we want our future generations to be 150 years from now?

Biofuel

HECO: The Most Ingenious Production/Marketing Model I’ve Ever Seen!

1 Comment

HECO has come up with a rather ingenious model to solicit biofuels for running its electrical generation equipment for the Big Island. It works like this:

If the farmer growing the product for biofuel needs a higher price than the current market price – which is way too low – HECO will raise the return to the farmer by raising the cost of electricity it sells to the farmer.

Also, to create demand-pull in the market place, HECO will promote “green” fuels. The message will be:

“There’s more to life than just money. Support expensive green biofuel – it’s a quality-of-life issue.”

It’s brilliant! By far the most ingenious agricultural production/marketing model I’ve seen yet!

Some farmers are old enough to remember The Great Liliko‘i Glut of the 1950s. Farmers were told to grow liliko‘i and “they” would buy it all. Practically every house had a liliko‘i trellis or two. When the promoters could not buy the liliko‘i, everybody made liliko‘i juice. People who are my age and live around Hilo know a lot about liliko‘i.

In the early 1980s, it was The Great Cacao Rush. A company came into town saying they would buy the entire local production of cacao, which would be used to make extra special chocolate for the ultra-high-end market. All the farmers had to do was buy certain “special” seedlings, which only the company happened to have.

Although the HECO idea for biofuel production is brilliant, I think that farmers would prefer that HECO grew the biofuels crop themselves, and that farmers get the exclusive right to provide the really, really special rare seedlings from a farmers’ co-op (made up of all the farmers in the state) at a pre-determined, kind-of-high price – with an escalator that moves up with the electricity bill. Payments, by bank draft, would go straight into the co-op’s bank account, six months prior to planting.

This way, the farmers would make money. And as we all know: “If the farmer makes money, the farmer going farm.”

Big Island, Biofuel, Geothermal, Peak Oil, Renewable Energy Sources

‘Aloha, Aloha, Call When You Find Land!’

I stayed at the Ala Moana Hotel last week while attending the Asia Pacific Clean Energy Summit, which had 1400 participants and was huge and exciting.

One evening, as I sat on the lanai of my hotel room looking toward Waikiki and all the lit-up hotel rooms and bright lights and the headlights and tail lights of cars, it came to me: Everything visible was dependent on oil.

The only thing I could see that was good was that the Macy’s sign is cheaper to power than the Liberty House sign it replaced. Shorter sign.

Sitting out there on the lanai, it became clear to me that if we follow HECO’s plan for using biofuels to generate electricity for the Big Island, we will soon have limited food resources and will be making plans to send people out to discover new lands.

Back in 2007, I spoke at the Hawaii Island Food Summit:

I told them I had a nightmare that there would be a big meeting down by the pier one day, where they announce that food supplies were short because the oil supply was short and so we
would have to send thousands of people out to discover new land.

I was afraid that they would send all the people with white hair out on the boats to find new land—all the Grandmas and Grandpas and me, though maybe not June.

Grandmas and Grandpas hobbled onto the boats with their canes and their wheelchairs, clutching all their medicines, and everybody gave all of us flower leis, and everyone was saying,
“Aloha, Aloha, call us when you find land! Aloha!”

If, instead, we on the Big Island follow our own plan of maximizing
our geothermal resource, and start to add others such as wind, solar and ocean resources as they scale up; and if we emphasize lots of small- to medium-sized diversified farms, we will not need to send out the canoes to look for new land.

The Big Island could help solve O‘ahu’s food and fuel issues, too, so it wouldn’t be necessary for them to send their white-haired folks off, either.

The Asia Pacific Clean Energy Summit was exciting and I’ve spent all week trying to put all the goings-on into perspective. O‘ahu has a real serious electricity problem. It has no proven-technology base power alternative to fossil fuels. And it has limited opportunity to integrate solar and wind.

I can absolutely see why HECO was anxious to institute Smart Grid. It was an attempt to wring every bit of efficiency out of intermittent sources of power.

I can also see why HECO made the decision that biofuels would have to be a solution for O‘ahu. The biorefinery is located on O‘ahu. I can even understand why they changed their minds and decided to bring on more PV solar. THEY do need everything!

What I just cannot understand is why HECO tried to force the Big Island to go that route.

We on the Big Island need a different strategy – one that focuses on the Big Island’s resources and environment.

Biofuel, Geothermal, Renewable Energy Sources

I Have Lost Confidence In HECO

3 Comments

I am becoming more and more critical of the Hawaiian Electric Company’s (HECO’s) top-level decision makers, and of their policies. I am sad to say that I have lost confidence in their ability to lead us safely into the future.

A Wall Street Journal article last September noted that Spain – the world leader in solar technology – stopped its generous subsidy to support the solar industry. Basically, ratepayers could not bear the cost of the subsidy.

So I was not surprised recently to hear HECO say it could not accept any more solar. What I was surprised about was that they reversed their direction immediately. Did things change? No. It was a missed opportunity to educate the public about what is truly going on. They chose not to.

Recently, HECO was turned down regarding its attempt to initiate Smart Grid on O‘ahu, Maui and the Big Island. Smart Grid is a developing system, and there was no need to be the first in the world to implement this. At Hawai‘i’s size, it is much smarter to be best in the world at copying the most successful systems. You get a tested system that does not cost the ratepayers as much.

Several years ago, HECO chose the biofuel path, but it did not have a serious conversation about it with farmers. Farmers know that they will not grow anything for 7 cents per pound. They might switch from growing food to growing fuel for 35 cents per pound, but oil prices would have to be $400 per barrel before it would send that price signal.

And small farmers would not be able to grow biofuels on the kind of scale that HECO needs, anyway. More likely, it would be on the scale of redemption of cans and bottles.

When HECO brought the biofuel meeting to Maui, there was
discussion about ultimately importing palm oil from Indonesia. Many of the folks in the audience were distressed at what would happen to animal habitat, especially the orangutan. HECO replied that it would source “green” biofuel. 

We know that biofuels will be more expensive than fossil fuels. Will the rubbah slippah folks be able to afford it?  Can small businesses afford to pay the resultant higher electricity rates?

Is this the solution that will give a continuous, competitive advantage to the islands, relative to the rest of the world?

We should look at the resources available on each individual island before we decide what is best for that particular island. It is the cost of the fuel, not whether it is brown or “green,” that is important.

On the Big Island, we know it must be done right. Geothermal
for base power is: proven technology, a low-cost alternative, has the smallest footprint and gives off no greenhouse gases.

The Oil Age is only 150 years old, and already we are worrying about depletion. According to Jim Kauahikaua, Scientist-in-Charge at the Volcano National Park Observatory, though, the “hot spot” under the Big Island will last for half a million to a million more years.

What about HECO’s general renewable energy strategy? They
say they are for everything – wind, solar, geothermal, ocean thermal, biofuels, biomass, etc. But being “for everything” seems to be a way of not talking about any one thing. HECO does not put any effort into enabling geothermal, so we can only assume that they do not really want it.

On the other hand, they do really want biofuels. “Shameless”
comes to mind. I am not for geothermal exclusively. But I do think there should be a prioritization of the various resources based on many factors, such as: proven technology, relative competitiveness, scalability, net energy, social consequence, geographic appropriateness, etc. 

In other words, what will give us the best chance of surviving since we are living out here in the middle of the Pacific? “We are for everything” falls way short.

I think that the rubbah slippah folks intuitively have it figured out when they say: “One day, the boat not going come.” That is their shorthand way of saying: “One day, things will be too expensive, and the boat might as well not come.” In that scenario, we will be going back to the basics. The most important question one asks all day might be, “I wonder what color malo I going wear tomorrow?”

Two weeks ago, former Chancellor of UH Hilo Rose Tseng invited Bill Steiner, the Dean of the UH Hilo College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry and myself to attend an REIS retreat put on by the UH Manoa College of Engineering.

I immediately noticed that the Big Island was not a focus and that geothermal was not on the radar. But we were able to express the Big Island’s concerns, and we were welcomed to participate fully. This is very encouraging.

HECO sent many of its people to the retreat because many of
those people work as engineers, and many graduated from the UH College of Engineering. I found HECO’s new Director of Renewable Energy Planning, Dora Nakafuji, impressive because she is willing to discuss alternatives in an inclusive way.

The most recent issue of Hawaii Business magazine describes the restructuring of HECO. I hope the new folks will change HECO’s
corporate culture, and take the time to understand the needs of the rubbah slippah folks. We can take the right path to survival and accommodate everyone’s needs at the same time.

In an ideal reorganization, HECO gains the trust of the community, and because its plan is mutually beneficial we go down to support it at the PUC. Not, no can. CAN!

Biofuel, Geothermal

Unreasonable Expectations for Biofuels

1 Comment

Robert Rapier is one of the most respected voices on biofuels in the world. He lives on the Big Island now, and a few weeks ago he came to visit us on the farm. In his recent blog post on his Robert Rapier’s R-Squared Energy Blog, (we link to it over there on the right side of this page), he states:

 There was a recent article in MIT Technology review called What’s Holding Biofuels Back? There is a relatively simple answer to the question that I will delve into below, but the short answer to “What’s holding biofuels back?” is that we placed unreasonable expectations on them to begin with, and they have simply failed to meet those unreasonable expectations. People would think it was unreasonable if Congress mandated a cure for the common cold within 5 years, but they don’t think twice when Congress mandates the creation of a cellulosic ethanol industry within 5 years. Yet either scenario requires technical breakthroughs that are not assured.

 It’s apparent to me that the Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO) decided to pursue biofuels three years ago, and it’s also apparent to me that inertia is moving them forward. Instead of being at the forefront of change, they are being very sluggish and slow to change directions.

The world has changed and the most important thing now is adaptability. It is not the strongest that will survive, but the ones who can adapt.

What bothers me most is the “one size fits all” way that HECO does business. For example, the PUC rejected HECO’s plan to institute smart grid proportionately for O‘ahu, Maui and the Big Island. They were going to force this on all islands and charge the cost to the ratepayer, in spite of the fact that the Big Island and Maui have different resources than O‘ahu – geothermal. But it’s not surprising, since HECO owns the Big Island’s HELCO and Maui’s MECO.

HECO is pushing hard for biofuels to be used as fuel for its subsidiaries on Maui and the Big Island. They would set up long-term power purchase agreements, which would effectively freeze out geothermal power on both Maui and the Big Island.

Why would we want to freeze out geothermal – which is cheap, dependable and a proven technology that does not emit greenhouse gases? This is our chance to push a solution that could raise our standard of living relative to the rest of the world. A solution that would elevate the host culture, and a solution that would help businesses grow. We must not make the wrong decision.

White Water coming!

Biofuel

Farmers & Biofuels

1 Comment

This article appeared in Pacific Business News on August 13, 2010:

Biofuels have supporters, but
scale remains an obstacle

Pacific Business News (Honolulu)
– by Sophie Cocke

Three years ago, representatives of Hawaiian Electric Co. met with farmers on the Big Island to discuss growing feedstock that could be converted to biofuel and used in the company’s generators. But discussions grew quiet when local farmers calculated how much they would be earning.

There are 42 gallons in a barrel of oil, each container of which weighs 286 pounds. So oil, at $80 a barrel, would yield the farmers about 28 cents per pound.

“There’s hardly anything a farmer will grow for 28 cents per pound,” said Richard Ha, one of the local farmers who attended the meeting.

Profits decline even more given that the feedstock must be drained to obtain the oil. Four pounds of a crop can result in only one pound of oil, meaning farmers would be getting paid only 7 cents per pound for their crops.

“The farmers never went back to another meeting,” said Ha.

This story looks at biofuels, and their role in Hawaii’s push for energy independence…. (Read more)

It is no secret that I am very concerned about betting too much of our future on biofuels just because we feel that we need them desperately. The critical chokepoint is feedstock.

We need to take a deep breath and we need to talk to farmers. Read about when I asked HECO not to let us get flattened by the wild bull.

Biofuel

Biofuels: A Reality Check

2 Comments

A couple months ago, I attended a forum at Kaneohe Marine Corp Air Station that was jointly sponsored by the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

We were told that the Department of Defense regards liquid fuel to be a national defense concern. Many dignitaries reiterated that message. The Navy spokesperson said that Hawai‘i is one of the first places where they will kick off their initiative. He said that the U.S. Navy can use many, many millions of gallons of “drop-in” biofuels — fuel that is interchangeable with petroleum fuels. The U.S. Department of Agriculture person talked about loan guarantees of five years, but said they needed to extend that.

Being a practical farmer, I wanted to know how much they will be paying for this “drop-in” bio fuel.  Finally, at the end of the day, they said they will buy it for approximately $1.95 per gallon. Knowing there are 42 gallons in a barrel of oil, this means that they will buy it at $82 per barrel — market price.

I felt the oxygen go out of the room.

Last week, I read a new report on biofuels. The capital cost of the new generation biofuel plants are huge. Whereas the same size ethanol plant might cost around  $100 million, the equivalent next generation biofuel plants could cost from $300 – 600 million. It also says that about a third of the operating cost of the plants producing “drop-in,” next generation biofuels is the cost of the feedstock — i.e., farming.

So farming is key?

A farmer makes these kinds of decisions all the time. What size pickup truck should I buy and how am I going to pay for it? If I have a small farm, I’ll buy a small truck. On the other hand, if I have lots of stuff to deliver, I’ll buy a bigger truck. The main thing is to match up the cost with the income.

From the above information, it seems that we have decided to buy a huge truck before we have figured out how to pay for it. We do know that one-third the cost of operating will be the feedstock. Will the farmers supply it at a price that makes everything else work?

On the mainland, to make everything work, the feedstock must not cost more than $60 per ton (.03 cents per lb.). The problem is, farmers can make hay for $100 per ton (.05 cents per pound). So they fixed this by giving a $45 per ton subsidy.

In Hawai‘i, farmers make hay for $300 per ton (.15 cents per pound). Can they make money at $100 per ton (.05 cents per pound)?  Would anyone depend on farming to produce enough stuff to pay for the huge truck?

A friend of mine bailed California Grass on flatlands, with deep soil at Pepe‘ekeo and natural rainfall — perfect conditions. He was fully mechanized and he knew what he was doing.

He got 22 tons of dry matter per acre, but he had to apply 1800 lbs. per acre of fertilizer to achieve that — a little more than .01 cent per lb. Land rent is $200 per acre; that is ½ cent per pound or more. That leaves 3-½ cents per pound to cover the equipment payment, fuel, labor, profit, etc. This assumes perfect weather all the time.

If we think about it, we realize that the sugar industry went through all of this. The last one standing, HC&S, had the best combination of farming necessities. It had flat land, plenty of sunshine, plenty of water and its production facility sat in the middle of the field. I think it is fair to say that if HC&S can’t make biofuels work, others will have a tougher time.  Actually, if they can’t do it, maybe it can’t be done.

We have to play the position on the chess board that exists. Not the one we hope to have.

Of course, we should pursue studies and trials to see if we can make the very dramatic breakthroughs necessary. And we all hope that algae will eventually work.

But being real, we need to hedge our bets. Geothermal is good. You don’t need to fertilize, irrigate, plow, plant or get stuck in the mud. And if we are subsidizing the production of energy, we should consider the folks who provide the primary source of energy — farmers.

Biofuel, Geothermal

Geothermal Vs. Biomass

6 Comments

How Geothermal would work:

  • Drill
  • Bring up steam
  • Turn turbine
  • Make electricity
  • Put in electric wires

A 35-acre footprint makes 25 megawatts/hour.

No emissions, and no fossil fuels are used to produce electricity.

Geothermal costs approximately 11 cents per kilowatt hour.

How Biomass would work:

  • 50 to 60 big dump trucks all day long, seven days per week, hauling firewood
  • Four hundred dump trucks per week bringing firewood from 20 miles away
  • Burn the firewood
  • Boil the water
  • Spin a turbine
  • Make electricity

A 20-acre footprint generation plant, with a 10- to 20,000-acre footprint firewood forest, produces 25 megawatts/hour.

CO2 comes out of the stack. All the trucks, harvest machinery, chippers, the planting and fertilizer use fossil fuels.

Biomass costs approximately 18 cents per kilowatt hour.

Farmer-grown bio-diesel:

Farmers are not interested in growing biofuels. They went to HECO’s meetings three years ago, and HECO would not say how much they would pay farmers.

Likely they did not know themselves. All they knew was that the farmers would do it cheaply.

NOT!

Farmers are practical – they figured it out and so they never attended another meeting. Here is how they did it:

Farmers know that one barrel of oil weighs approximately 286 pounds. And if oil is $80 per barrel, each pound of oil is worth 28 cents/pound.

Obviously, farmers knew they would get less. How much less?

If it takes four pounds of stuff to squeeze out one pound of liquid, the farmer cannot make more than 7 cents/lb. for the stuff they grow. It does not matter what the stuff is.

Farmers figured this out after the first meeting. It did not take a task force or field trials to figure this out, but nobody bothered to ask the farmers what they thought until just recently.

The conclusion: Forget about small farmers growing biofuels. It is not going to happen for 7 cents/lb.

Out of curiosity, how much would oil have to be for farmers to farm biofuels? Let’s say the farmer would do it for 28 cents/lb. or four times the 7 cents/lb. rate. That means the price signal would have to be four times the $80/barrel price of oil, or $320/barrel. Farmers might grow a biofuel crop if the price of oil was $320 per barrel.

Maybe HECO is intending that the rate payer – you – would subsidize that cost. I am absolutely against that when we have the option of cheap geothermal.

Biofuel, Hamakua Coast, Renewable Energy Sources

Generating Electricity Is Not Hu Honua’s Biggest Challenge

1 Comment

From the Hawaii Tribune-Herald (5/7/10):

Hu Honua Bioenergy LLC wants to take over the 1985 special management area or SMA permit that allowed the former Hilo Coast Processing Co. to operate a coal-burning power plant near the ocean….

…Eucalyptus trees growing along the Hamakua Coast will be harvested for fuel during the plant’s first decade of operation, according to Hu Honua’s application. The company would then look to obtain trees from private landowners clearing their properties, and also is working with the University of Hawaii at Hilo to develop a “sustainable biomass farming plan.”

On Friday, I went to the Windward Planning Commission meeting in support of Hu Honua. From the company’s website:

Hu Honua Bioenergy, LLC is a Hawaii-based company created to meet local electricity needs using renewable resources. The facility is located in Pepeekeo, Hawaii, on a 25.57-acre site on the Big Island of Hawaii.

I am supporting Hu Honua because the company says it will use biomass to generate “base power” in HELCO’s grid.  Base power is a steady, dependable source of electricity. More than 85 percent of HELCO’s electricity usage is base power.

The Hu Honua project has the potential of replacing fossil fuels in HELCO’s grid with biomass.

From my own farming experience, I feel that Hu Honua will face some challenges in sourcing its feedstock. Several years ago, when the land around the Hu Honua power plant was subdivided and put up for sale, we were informed that C. Brewer wanted to sell the land on three sides of our banana packing house. We were growing bananas there on a short term lease and were told we needed to move our bananas to a different location. When we completed that move, instead of our packing house being in the middle of our banana growing operation, it was stuck way out on one side of the farm.

In order to maintain the same amount of production, we needed to acquire more land that was even further to one side of our farm, and this made our operation inefficient. And because our packing house was no longer centered in our fields, our labor and maintenance costs went way up, to the point that we had to downsize and reorganize our entire farming operation.

Similarly, Hu Honua’s generation plant would have benefitted from being sited in the middle of its production supply. This is not possible, though, since it is bordered by the ocean on one side and subdivisions on the other. Consequently, labor and fossil fuel costs will be a larger part of their operation than would have been optimum.

When they try to grow their own sustainable biocrop in 10 years, they’ll have the same problem we did. I’ve tried to guess where the large land parcel supporting five to six trucks of biomass per hour will be located, and I don’t know where that place will be.

For 10 miles in either direction, rainfall averages approximately 120 inches per year. Our farm, just a couple of miles up the road, has an average rainfall of 140 inches per year. High rainfall, deep soil and steep terrain make for a challenging agricultural environment.

I do support Hu Honua, but I worry they may not be successful in developing a “sustainable biomass farming plan.”

Biofuel, Community, Eating Locally, Food Security, Mauna Kea, Renewable Energy Sources, Schools, Science, Water

It Takes A Community

It’s been a busy few days.

Last Wednesday evening, Don Thomas, a geologist from UH Hilo, accompanied me to a meeting of the Keaukaha Community Association where he described two drilling projects. The first was a 3,000 ft. or so pilot hole sunk by the Hilo breakwater. It was a test to see if the concept of drilling to acquire a profile of the land was feasible. The second was a much deeper hole on the National Guard side of the Hilo airport. This was a part of a National Science Foundation-funded study. It was meant to gather information on the formation of the Big Island by studying the layers of lava as the hole was drilled deeper and deeper.

The background as I understand it: In eartlier days, only the Kohala Mountain range, Hualalai and Mauna Kea protruded above the ocean. Then Mauna Loa erupted and the Hilo side of Mauna Kea was covered by Mauna Loa’s lava.

Core samples showed that there was Mauna Loa lava atop soil from Mauna Kea, much like the kind of material you see on the Hilo/Hamakua coast. Then, as the drill went deeper, they found fresh water at 160 lbs. of pressure in the Mauna Kea lava, way below the surface of the ocean. This is what’s called an artesian well, and is when you get water shooting out under pressure from the surface of the land. That means that this water is under pressure from water that is pushing against it.

As I understand it, drill deep enough and water will just shoot out of the ground. I’ll ask Don what all this means and report back here.

I saw Luana Kawelu at the Keaukaha Community Association meeting Wednesday night. Kumu Lehua calls her one of the “Gang of Three” (with Patrick Kahawaiola‘a) — the folks who together help to make Keaukaha Elementary School the excellent school that it is. She is also the driving force behind the Merrie Monarch Festival. She has never let marketing and dreams of bigger and better things cloud her judgment. She just focuses on the pono thing. I cannot imagine how the Merrie Monarch Festival could be done better. “Pono” is way good enough.

Thursday, I flew to Maui to visit supermarkets as part of my marketing involvement with the new organic farm at Kapalua called WeFarm@Kapalua. This organic farm is on former Maui Pineapple Company lands and consists of approximately 158 acres. David Cole, the former CEO of Maui Land and Pine, started the organic farm awhile ago. When MLP got out of pineapple, the Ulupono Initiative submitted a bid to take over the former organic farm. From the Ulupono Initiative website:

Ulupono Sustainable Agriculture Development LLC, a subsidiary of the Ulupono Initiative, announced today that it would be assuming operations of Kapalua Farms, an organic farming and agriculture research facility located near the entry of the Kapalua Resort in West Maui.  Maui Land & Pineapple Company, Inc., owners of the 158-acre agricultural parcel, successfully reached an agreement with Ulupono earlier this month, with the transition of the property already underway.
 
“We are pleased to partner with Ulupono Sustainable Agriculture Development as they assume operations of Kapalua Farms,” said Warren H. Haruki, chairman and interim CEO of Maui Land & Pineapple Company, Inc.  “Our desire was to find an operational partner that would be able to continue organic farming operations and to maintain Kapalua Farms as a community resource, employer, and provider.  Ulupono is an exemplary organization committed to preserving our agricultural land, and we look forward to working together.”

I am especially pleased to be working with the Ulupono Initiative and WeFarm@Kapalua because I watched Jeff Alvord put this initiative together over the last several years. Jeff would call when he was in town and we would talk about the larger picture of a sustainable Hawai‘i. I knew from early on that the Omidyar Group had the best interest of Hawai‘i at heart. I’m very happy to be closely involved with this new organic farming initiative.

Later, when I made my way to the Maui airport, I ran into Stevie Whalen, the President of the Hawai‘i Ag Research Center, which is the modern-day iteration of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association’s research arm.

Founded in 1895, the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association (HSPA), dedicated to improving the sugar industry in
Hawaii, has become an internationally recognized research center. Its name change in 1996 to Hawaii Agriculture Research Center (HARC) reflects its expanding scope to encompass research in forestry, coffee, forage, vegetable crops, tropical fruits, and many other diversified crops in addition to sugarcane. HARC is a private, non-profit 501c5 organization.

HARC specializes in horticultural crop research including agronomy and plant nutrition, plant physiology, breeding, genetic engineering and tissue culture, and control of diseases and pests through integrated pest management. HARC also performs pesticide registration work; training in areas such as pesticide application and environmental compliance; ground water monitoring; and technical
literature searches.

Stevie was on Maui to help provide research info about new biocrop possibilities that could possibly be the base feedstock that would provide the U.S. Navy the kind of second and third generation fuel that it could use to fly its jet planes and run its ships. Liquid transportation fuel is very important for us living in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It will take a huge research effort to develop high-yielding bio feedstock. It will not just happen miraculously, out of the blue. I have the utmost confidence in Stevie and her HARC crew, as well as Andy Hashimoto and the CTAHR crew.

Stevie told me that it’s becoming evident that biofuel production will need to use the added value of co-products to make it an economically viable form of energy. There is no doubt that we want to develop a biofuel that will eventually be cost-competitive with fossil fuels. I am very aware that much more work needs to be done.

Then, on the plane back to Hilo, I ended up sitting next to Arnold Hara, extension entomologist for UH Manoa. He was on Maui as part of a project to intensively inspect imported produce coming from the mainland and foreign countries. He was very concerned about the amount of invasive species insects that are being found on imported organic produce. He called imported organic produce “dirty.” He meant that there are lots of hitchhikers on organic produce. It is very worrisome.

I’ll call him tomorrow and ask what varieties of organic produce we should grow to replace imported organic produce. I’m very happy to be associated with WeFarm@Kapalua, where we can help to protect Hawai‘i from invasive species.